The kconnectivity property has been studied extensively before in the context of wireless networks. This deployment faces new challenges due to the specific characteristics of sensor small size, limited battery. A survey of security issues in wireless sensor networks. Second, a faulttolerance method using wireless sensor networks wsns, in case of gps signal failure, e. On gps faulttolerance for citybus tracking system using. On fault tolerance, performance, and reliability for wireless and sensor networks submitted by chen xinyu for the degree of doctor of philosophy at the chinese university of hong kong abstract the emerging mobile wireless environment poses exciting challenges for distributed faulttolerant ft computing. Exploiting selforganization and fault tolerance in wireless sensor. Faulttolerant clustering in ad hoc and sensor networks. Chowdhury broadband and wireless networking laboratory, school of electrical and computer engineering, georgia institute of technology. Introduction recent advancements in integrated circuits have fostered the emergence of a new generation of tiny, inexpensive lowpower sensors. Fault tolerance is one of the critical issues in wireless sensor network wsn applications. Recently, industrial wireless sensor networks have attracted more attention, due to their large benefits in terms of faster installation, cost savings, and flexibility. A survey on fault detection and fault tolerance in wireless sensor networks r. A survey of fault tolerance methods in wireless sensor.
Design of target coverage algorithms for a large scale wsns should incorporate both the energy efficiency and fault tolerance. A survey of fault management in wireless sensor networks. The energy of nodes, communication computing and storage capability in wireless sensor networks are limited. Fivenumber summary method for fault tolerance in wireless. A survey on fault tolerant routing techniques in wireless sensor networks. Fivenumber summary method for fault tolerance in wireless sensor network ayasha siddiqua, prashant krishan, shikha swaroop post graduate department of information technology, dehradun institute of technology abstract wireless sensor network is a collection of sensor, which senses the data and perform the action, according to data. A survey on classification of fault tolerance techniques available in wireless sensor network. A fault fuzzyontology for large scale faulttolerant. A survey on fault tolerance techniques in wireless sensor networks conference paper pdf available october 2015 with 1,703 reads how we measure reads. A survey on communication link fault tolerance for wireless sensor networks john divakaran postgraduate student, department of computer science and engineering, ka runya university, india abstract. Handbook of sensor networks wireless sensor networks will further increase the importance of fault tolerance while at the same time imposing a number of unique new conceptual and technical challenges to fault tolerance researchers.
International journal of engineering research and technology, vol. Distance based fault detection in wireless sensor networks. On fault tolerance, performance, and reliability for. In this method, wireless sensor boards are deployed in selected locations along buses routes in city, and each. Even deploying a sensor with great line of sight, it could have obstructions. Abstract wireless sensor networks wsns consists of large number of energy constrained sensor nodes that are randomly deployed. Wireless sensor networks wsn are useful for monitoring of physical conditions and passing the data gathered to the required location. A fault fuzzyontology for large scale faulttolerant wireless sensor networks yazid benazzouz, oumelkeir aktouf. Investigation of faults, errors and failures in wireless. A survey of fault tolerance methods in wireless sensor networks t. Wireless sensor networks are resourceconstrained selforganizing systems that are often deployed in inaccessible and inhospitable environments in order to collect data about some outside world phenomenon.
Application, middleware, wireless sensor network survey and protocol 1. Introduction recent research exploring advancements in wireless sensor network wsn yields many challenges and intends researchers to. They are like any other system prone to failure due to limitation of resources. The rapid deployment, selforganization and fault tolerance characteristics of sensor networks make them a very promising sensing technique for military c4isrt. Fault tolerance and energy efficiency are main challenges. In views of hardware cost, sensor nodes always adopt relatively cheap chips, which makes these nodes become.
The problem of missing sensor node, communication link and data are inevitable in wireless. The sensor networks can be used for various application areas e. Network clustering, faulttolerance, energyaware communication, sensor networks. Introduction wireless adhoc sensor networks have recently. In the sensor network with a hierarchical topology, the set of sensors is divided into subsets, and each one of them has some defined tasks to. This paper state a significant analysis of fault tolerance mechanisms in wireless sensor networks such as mobile agentma mechanisms, relay node mechanisms and hand over mechanisms to identify the strengths and importance of each one of these mechanisms. Fault tolerance and energy consumption scheme of a wireless.
Add to favorites download citations track citations recommend to library. Faulttolerant algorithms for connectivity restoration in. Introduction sensor networking and the methods for eciently innetwork processing the sensor readings have emerged as important permission. Wireless sensor networks wsns are known for their wide use in industry, military, and environmental monitoring applications. A kfold dominating set of a graph g v,e is a subset s of v such that every node v.
This has been enabled by the availability, particularly in recent years, of sensors that are smaller, cheaper, and intelligent. Fault tolerance and energy efficient clustering algorithm in. In this paper, we study the coverage problem where the main objective is to construct two disjoint cover sets in randomly deployed wsns based. Electionbased method for fault tolerance in a hierarchical sensor. A survey on fault diagnosis in wireless sensor networks. Energy efficient fault tolerant coverage in wireless. The wireless sensor network wsn is a promoted technology applied in the communication system of smart grid, which enjoys low cost, low power dissipation, selforganization, and strong flexibility. Moreover, we present a comprehensive study of the four steps in a. Target tracking, fault tolerance, gaussian mixture model, expectationmaximization, wireless sensor networks 1. Recent advancement in wireless communica tions and electronics has enabled the develop ment of lowcost sensor networks. In this paper we address fault tolerance concept in general, give analysis to the definition of fault tolerance and terms related to it based on the system requirements.
Wireless sensor networks wsns often consist of hundreds of sensor nodes that may be deployed in relatively harsh and complex environments. This allows random deployment in inaccessible terrains or disaster relief operations. Abstractthe reliability of wireless sensor networks. The reliability r kt or fault tolerance of a sensor node is modeled in 2 using the poisson distribution to capture the. Indeed, we classify the fault tolerance mechanisms into two classes. Nevertheless, the acceptance of wireless sensor networks by the industrial community is not without its difficulties. Faulttolerant clustering of wireless sensor networks. Request permission export citation add to favorites track citation. For most sensor network applications, pointtopoint reliability is not the main objective. Thus, distributed sensing provides robustness to environmental obstacles. Scalable design of faulttolerance for wireless sensor networks dissertation presented in partial ful llment of the requirements for the degree doctor of philosophy in the graduate school of the ohio state university by murat demirbas, m. Wireless sensor networks introduction to wireless sensor networks february 2012 a wireless sensor network is a selfconfiguring network of small sensor nodes communicating among themselves using radio signals, and deployed in quantity to sense, monitor and understand the physical world. Jirapure, pce nagpur abstract wireless sensor networks wsns have the potential of significantly enhancing our ability to monitor and interact with. In our survey, we introduce a new classification according to the network size.
The problem of missing sensor node, communication link and data are inevitable in wireless sensor networks. Abstract fault tolerance is one of the critical issues in wireless sensor network wsn applications. A survey on fault tolerant multipath routing protocols in. They are usually deployed in harsh environments, where nodes are subjected to failures and the networks are easy to be partitioned into disjoint segments. Wireless sensor networks are commonly spread wide in harsh environment and are subject to faults in several layers of the system. In this section, we first present a brief survey on clustering approaches. Manets have high degree of mobility, while sensor networks are mostly stationary. Over the last decade, wireless sensor networks wsn went from being a promising technology to the main enabler of countless internet of things applications in all types of areas. Accordingly, fault tolerance, which is the ability to immediately and. Fault tolerance using cluster in wireless sensor network. In fact, these networks, composed by a large number of small and cheap sensors, are deployed in several domains military, industry, agriculture, space, environment, etc.
Results obtained from our ft modeling reveal that an ft wsn. Builtin sensor nodes are fixed with onboard processor and transceiver that connects every separate node in the region as in 1. A survey on wireless multimedia sensor networks ian f. Wireless sensor networks, faults, errors, failures, fault tolerances, protocolstack, sensor nodes component, fault management lifecycle. Wsn nodes have less power, computation and communication compared to manet nodes. In military, for example, the rapid deployment, selforganization, and fault tolerance characteristics of sensor networks make them a very promising sensing technique for military command, control, communications, computing, intel. The number of sensor nodes in a sensor network can be several orders of magnitude higher than the nodes in an ad hoc network. An added feature of sensor networks is the supportive effort in sensor network region. A survey on fault tolerance in wireless sensor networks can be found in 2. Sensor nodes have the ability to sense and send data towards the base station bs. A selfmanaging fault management mechanism for wireless sensor. A survey on fault tolerance in wireless sensor networks. A survey on fault tolerance in small and large scale.
Wireless sensor networks are employed to monitor physical areas in different places. In this paper, we study distributed approximation algorithms for faulttolerant clustering in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. Watson research center abstract one of the main goals of sensor networks is to provide accurate information about. Physical, data link, network, transport and application layers. A survey on fault tolerant multipath routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. A survey on sensor networks university of california. The advancement in wireless communications and electronics has enabled the development of lowcost sensor networks.
Our classification takes in consideration the failed component targeted by the mechanism as well as the technique used in the recovery process. The ohio state university 2004 dissertation committee. Cayirci ieee communications, aug 2002 the authors present a communication architecture for sensor networks and proceed to survey the current research pertaining to all layers of the protocol stack. Achieving fault tolerance and network depth in hierarchical wireless sensor networks anurag d and somprakash bandyopadhyay wireless connectivity logical path sensor node relay node sink proceedings of the world congress on engineering and computer science 2008 wcecs 2008, october 22 24, 2008, san francisco, usa isbn. Due to their economic and computational feasibility, a network of hundreds and thousands of sensors. Modeling and analysis of fault detection and fault tolerance in. Fun hu a a mobile and satellite communication research centre, school of engineering, design and technology, university of bradford, united kingdom b wireless networks laboratory, istituto di scienza. Deploying sensor networks with guaranteed fault tolerance. Abstract wireless sensor networks wsn are useful for monitoring of physical conditions and passing the data gathered to the required location. Grenoble alpes, lcis, f26000 valence, france abstract fault tolerance is a key research area for many of applications such as those based on sensor network technologies.
One of the most important one is replication, which is wellsuited for sensor networks due to their inherent node redundancy. Abstract in the last decade, wireless sensor networks wsns have increasingly gained the. Using a wireless sensor network, many more data can be collected compared to just one sensor. A survey on fault tolerance techniques in wireless sensor. Survey on fault tolerance for link failure in wireless. Wsns experience failure problems due to various factors such as power depletion, environmental impact, radio interference, asymmetric communication links, dislocation of sensor node and. The differences between sensor networks and ad hoc networks are 4. Some of the application areas are health, military, and home.
Wireless sensor network wsn is strongly affirmed as an indispensable technology that exploits sensor nodes sns key abilities sensing, processing and communication to achieve limitless remote sensing applications in many fields such as data. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. When there is a link loss or node failure, the nodes can still communicate with each other by using other intermediate nodes. A survey on communication link fault tolerance for. In these recent years, wireless sensor networks wsns have attracted more and more attention. A survey of sensor selection schemes in wireless sensor. Manet wireless sensor networks may be considered a subset of mobile adhoc networks manet. At least three major groups of reasons support research in faulttolerant sensor networks receiving. Thepositionofsensornodesneednotbeengineered or predetermined. Survey on application of wireless sensor network in smart. Energy efficiency and fault tolerance are two of the major concerns in wireless sensor networks wsns for the target coverage. Fault tolerance has been discussed in detail in the literature on distributed systems see, e.
Fault tolerance is the ability to sustain sensor network functionalities without any interruption due to sensor node failures 1, 2. Wireless sensor network protocols sensor network services sensor network deployment survey abstract a wireless sensor network wsn has important applications such as remote environmental monitoring and target tracking. For different application areas, there are different technical issues that researchers are currently. In the worst case, a kconnected network requires k node failures to disconnect the. Electionbased method for fault tolerance in a hierarchical sensor network eftohsn. A survey on fault detection and fault tolerance in. In many applications, the environment being monitored. A survey gaojun fan and shiyao jin national lab of parallel and distributed processing, natio nal university of defense technology, changsha, china email. By using both techniques, wireless sensor networks wsns can be deployed in. In this survey, we give an overview of wsn mechanisms that provide or improve the fault tolerance property of wireless sensor networks and prevention of fault occurrence such as energy aware.
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